Review on Serum Biochemical Changes in Ruminants Infected with Major Trypanosome Species
Addisu Awekew, Belay Fetene and Eyob Eshetu
International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences
DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs Coden: IJARQG(USA) Volume 4, Issue 10 - 2017
Abstract African
trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell,
extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and
induce profound immunosuppression. The life cycle of the African trypanosome
begins when a tsetse fly feeds from an infected mammalian and the epidemiology
depends on three factors, the distribution of the vectors, and the virulence of
the parasite and the response of the host.The major pathogenic
tsetse-transmitted trypanosome species are Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and
T. brucei in cattle, sheep and goats and are found in the bloodstream and
tissues of vertebrates throughout the world. However, these species are of
overwhelming importance as a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in animals
in tropical regions. There are no pathognomonic gross or histopathological
lesions found in the animals that die of trypanosomiasis. Most of the observed
lesions are due to the circulatory disturbances caused by anemia. Serum
biochemical changes are characteristics of trypanosome infections, the severity
of which are often determined by the strain of the infecting trypanosome and
the host. It is known that pathophysiological alterations occur in the cellular
and plasma components of blood during infection. The disease affects different
body organs of infected animals which lead to alterations in serum biochemical
parameters like liver enzymes, Total Proteins, Albumin, Glucose and
Cholesterol. Hypoglycemia, which has been shown to occur during trypanosomosis,
is reported to be due to excessive utilization of blood glucose by trypanosomes
for their metabolism.Continuous utilization from the blood stream of
cholesterol, phospholipids and total lipids also are a contributory factor to
lowering of the serum levels of lipids and cholesterol. Thus, this manuscript
reviews the serum biochemical changes and the major Trypanosoma species
infecting ruminants. 
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